文章目录
- 前言
- 一、通过 ref 拿到 dom 的引用
-
- 二、通过父容器的 ref 遍历拿到 dom 引用
-
- 三、通过子组件 emit 传递 ref
-
- 四、通过 :ref 将 dom 引用放到数组中
-
- 总结
前言
最近主管提出了许多优化用户体验的要求,其中很多涉及 dom
操作。本文将 Vue3 中常见的 dom
操作总结了一下。觉得文章不错、或对自己开发有所帮助,欢迎点赞收藏!
一、通过 ref 拿到 dom 的引用
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { ref } from 'vue' |
| const sectionRef = ref() |
| </script> |
复制
通过对 div
元素添加 ref
属性,为了获取到这个元素,我们声明了一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量,然后通过 [变量名].value
的形式即可获取该 div
元素。
适用场景
示例代码
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <p>通过 ref 直接拿到 dom</p> |
| <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div> |
| <button @click="action" class="btn">变高</button> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { ref } from 'vue' |
| const sectionRef = ref() |
| let height = 100; |
| |
| const action= () => { |
| height += 50; |
| sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`; |
| } |
| </script> |
| |
| <style lang="scss" scoped> |
| .demo1-container { |
| width: 100%; |
| height: 100%; |
| |
| .ref-section { |
| width: 200px; |
| height: 100px; |
| background-color: pink; |
| transition: all .5s ease-in-out; |
| } |
| |
| .btn { |
| width: 200px; |
| height: 50px; |
| background-color: gray; |
| color: #fff; |
| margin-top: 100px; |
| } |
| } |
| </style> |
复制
二、通过父容器的 ref 遍历拿到 dom 引用
通过对父元素添加 ref
属性,并声明一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量 list
,此时通过 list.value
会获得包含子元素的 dom
对象。此时可以通过 list.value.children[index]
的形式获取子元素 dom
。
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <div ref="list" class="list-section"> |
| <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> |
| <span>{{item}}</span> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { ref, reactive } from 'vue' |
| const list = ref() |
| |
复制
适用场景
示例代码
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p> |
| <div ref="list" class="list-section"> |
| <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> |
| <span>{{item}}</span> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { ref, reactive } from 'vue' |
| const list = ref() |
| const state = reactive({ |
| list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] |
| }) |
| |
| const higherAction = (index: number) => { |
| let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px'; |
| height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); |
| listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; |
| } |
| </script> |
| |
| <style lang="scss" scoped> |
| .demo2-container { |
| width: 100%; |
| height: 100%; |
| |
| .list-section { |
| width: 200px; |
| .list-item { |
| width: 200px; |
| height: 20px; |
| background-color: pink; |
| color: #333; |
| transition: all .5s ease-in-out; |
| display: flex; |
| justify-content: center; |
| align-items: center; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| </style> |
复制
三、通过子组件 emit 传递 ref
通过对子组件添加 ref
属性,并声明一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量 childRef
,此时通过 emit
将 childRef.value
作为一个 dom
引用传递出去。
| <template> |
| <div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item"> |
| <span>{{item}}</span> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { ref } from 'vue' |
| |
| const props = defineProps({ |
| item: Number |
| }) |
| const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']); |
| const childRef = ref(); |
| const cellAction = () => { |
| emit('cellTap', childRef.value); |
| } |
| </script> |
复制
适用场景
示例代码
| <template> |
| <div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item"> |
| <span>{{item}}</span> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { ref } from 'vue' |
| |
| const props = defineProps({ |
| item: Number |
| }) |
| const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']); |
| const childRef = ref() |
| const cellAction = () => { |
| emit('cellTap', childRef.value); |
| } |
| </script> |
| |
| <style lang="scss" scoped> |
| .cell-item { |
| width: 200px; |
| height: 20px; |
| background-color: pink; |
| color: #333; |
| transition: all .5s ease-in-out; |
| display: flex; |
| justify-content: center; |
| align-items: center; |
| } |
| </style> |
复制
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p> |
| <div class="list-section"> |
| <Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> |
| </Cell> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { reactive } from 'vue' |
| import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue' |
| const state = reactive({ |
| list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], |
| refList: [] as Array<any> |
| }) |
| |
| const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => { |
| let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px'; |
| height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); |
| el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; |
| } |
| </script> |
| |
| <style lang="scss" scoped> |
| .demo2-container { |
| width: 100%; |
| height: 100%; |
| |
| .list-section { |
| width: 200px; |
| } |
| } |
| </style> |
| |
复制
四、通过 :ref 将 dom 引用放到数组中
通过 :ref
循环调用 setRefAction
方法,该方法会默认接收一个 el
参数,这个参数就是我们需要获取的 div
元素。
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <div class="list-section"> |
| <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> |
| <span>{{item}}</span> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { reactive } from 'vue' |
| |
| const state = reactive({ |
| list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], |
| refList: [] as Array<any> |
| }) |
| |
| const setRefAction = (el: any) => { |
| state.refList.push(el); |
| } |
| </script> |
| |
复制
此时可以通过 state.refList[index]
的形式获取子元素 dom
。
适用场景
- 通过
v-for
循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景。
示例代码
| <template> |
| <div class="ref-container"> |
| <p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p> |
| <div class="list-section"> |
| <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> |
| <span>{{item}}</span> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </template> |
| |
| <script lang="ts" setup> |
| import { reactive } from 'vue' |
| |
| const state = reactive({ |
| list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], |
| refList: [] as Array<any> |
| }) |
| |
| const higherAction = (index: number) => { |
| let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px'; |
| height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); |
| state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; |
| console.log(state.refList[index]); |
| } |
| |
| const setRefAction = (el: any) => { |
| state.refList.push(el); |
| } |
| </script> |
| |
| <style lang="scss" scoped> |
| .demo2-container { |
| width: 100%; |
| height: 100%; |
| |
| .list-section { |
| width: 200px; |
| .list-item { |
| width: 200px; |
| height: 20px; |
| background-color: pink; |
| color: #333; |
| transition: all .5s ease-in-out; |
| display: flex; |
| justify-content: center; |
| align-items: center; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| </style> |
| |
复制
总结
经过了不断探索终于完成了,事后想了一下还是自己的本事不到家,以后还是需要不断提升自己的能力 ~ ~ ~