JsonPath使用和示例

1 简介

• 官网：https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/；

• JsonPath 是一种简单的方法来提取给定JSON文档的部分内容；

• JsonPath 支持多种编程语言，如Javascript，Java，Python和PHP。

2 官方实例

• 下边是官方给出的一个JSON实例数据，便于后续分析：

复制

 
{ "store": {
 
"book": [
 
{ "category": "reference",
 
"author": "Nigel Rees",
 
"title": "Sayings of the Century",
 
"price": 8.95
 
},
 
{ "category": "fiction",
 
"author": "Evelyn Waugh",
 
"title": "Sword of Honour",
 
"price": 12.99
 
},
 
{ "category": "fiction",
 
"author": "Herman Melville",
 
"title": "Moby Dick",
 
"isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
 
"price": 8.99
 
},
 
{ "category": "fiction",
 
"author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
 
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
 
"isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
 
"price": 22.99
 
}
 
],
 
"bicycle": {
 
"color": "red",
 
"price": 19.95
 
}
 
}
 
}复制

3 JsonPath与XPath语法对比

4 实例说明JsonPath与XPath语法

• 通过步骤2中的官方实例，简单看下JsonPath与XPath语法的区别：

5 Python中JsonPath模块

• 官网：https://pypi.org/project/jsonpath/；

• 下载安装：

pip install jsonpath复制

6 Python中JsonPath使用

 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
# 作者：1
 
# 日期：2023/7/31
 
# 文件名称：json_path.py
 
# 作用：jsonpath
 
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
 
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson
 
 
import jsonpath as jp
 
 
data = { "store": {
 
"book": [
 
{ "category": "reference",
 
"author": "Nigel Rees",
 
"title": "Sayings of the Century",
 
"price": 8.95
 
},
 
{ "category": "fiction",
 
"author": "Evelyn Waugh",
 
"title": "Sword of Honour",
 
"price": 12.99
 
},
 
{ "category": "fiction",
 
"author": "Herman Melville",
 
"title": "Moby Dick",
 
"isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
 
"price": 8.99
 
},
 
{ "category": "fiction",
 
"author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
 
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
 
"isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
 
"price": 22.99
 
}
 
],
 
"bicycle": {
 
"color": "red",
 
"price": 19.95
 
}
 
}
 
}复制

# 获取店内所有书籍的作者
 
author = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.book[*].author')
 
print(author)
 
 
# 输出
 
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']复制

 
 
# 获取所有作者
 
all_aythor = jp.jsonpath(data, '$..author')
 
print(all_aythor)
 
 
# 输出
 
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']复制

 
# 获取store的所有元素
 
book_bicycle = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.*')
 
print(book_bicycle)
 
 
# 输出
 
[[{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}], {'color': 'red', 'price': 19.95}]复制

 
# 获取store里面所有东西的价格
 
price = jp.jsonpath(data, "$.store..price")
 
print(price)
 
 
# 输出
 
[8.95, 12.99, 8.99, 22.99, 19.95]复制

 
# 获取最后一本书的所有信息
 
last_book = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[-1:]')
 
print(last_book)
 
 
# 输出：
 
[{'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}]复制

 
# 过滤出价格低于10的书
 
p = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[?(@.price<10)]')
 
print(p)
 
 
# 输出：
 
[{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}]复制

7 结合接口测试的实例

• 接口数据，参照：搭建禅道环境作为练习UI和接口自动化测试对象，来搭建接口测试的环境，此处略；

• 选择两个接口：用户登陆和用户查询：

 
# 登陆接口
 
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/tokens
 
data = {"account": "admin", "password": "123456"}复制

 
# 获取我的个人信息
 
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/user复制

• 实例：

复制

 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
# 作者：1
 
# 日期：2023/7/31
 
# 文件名称：json_path.py
 
# 作用：jsonpath
 
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
 
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson
 
 
import jsonpath as jp
 
import requests
 
import json
 
 
base_url = "http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1"
 
token_url = base_url + "/tokens"
 
info_rurl = base_url + "/user"
 
 
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
 
data = {"account": "admin", "password": "ZenTao123456"}
 
 
r_data = json.dumps(data)
 
r = requests.post(url=token_url, data=r_data, headers=header)
 
 
r_token = jp.jsonpath(r.json(), '$..token')
 
print(r_token)
 
 
data1 = {"token": r_token[0]}
 
headers = dict(header, **data1)
 
r1 = requests.get(url=info_rurl, headers=headers)
 
print(r1.text)复制

• 输出：

 
['14333e8b34595c5d22794e14c401a125']
 
{"profile":{"id":1,"company":0,"type":"inside","dept":0,"account":"admin","role":
 
{"code":"","name":""},
 
"realname":"admin","pinyin":"","nickname":"","commiter":"","avatar":null,"birthday":null,"gender":"f","email":"","skype":"","qq":"","mobile":"","phone":"","weixin":"","dingding":"","slack":"","whatsapp":"","address":"","zipcode":"","nature":null,"analysis":null,"strategy":null,"join":null,"visits":5,"visions":",rnd,lite,","ip":"127.0.0.1","last":"2023-07-31T06:14:45Z","fails":0,"locked":null,"feedback":"0","ranzhi":"","ldap":"","score":0,"scoreLevel":0,"resetToken":"","deleted":"0","clientStatus":"offline","clientLang":"zh-cn","admin":true,"superReviewer":false,"view":
 
{"account":"admin","programs":"","products":"","projects":"","sprints":""}}}复制

最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：【文末自行领取】

​

这些资料，对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库，这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程，希望也能帮助到你！