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前端 | 50天50个前端项目把握基础知识

2024-02-09 20:02:18 前端知识 前端哥 976 262 我要收藏

50projects50days中的语法，实现代码及总结

项目介绍：50个简短前端小项目，每个文件夹包含了html,css,javascript三个文件， Js部分是为实现主页面html的一个动态转换。（我只选了自己用得到的！）

看完这篇博客，你会学到：

- 必要知识：html,css,javascipt的基本定义，其中的语法

- 相互如何建立链接

1:Expanding Card扩展卡

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>Expanding Cards</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="container">
      <div class="panel active" style="background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1558979158-65a1eaa08691?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1350&q=80')">
        <h3>Explore The World</h3>
      </div>
      <div class="panel" style="background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1572276596237-5db2c3e16c5d?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1350&q=80')">
        <h3>Wild Forest</h3>
      </div>
      <div class="panel" style="background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1507525428034-b723cf961d3e?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1353&q=80')">
        <h3>Sunny Beach</h3>
      </div>
      <div class="panel" style="background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1551009175-8a68da93d5f9?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1351&q=80')">
        <h3>City on Winter</h3>
      </div>
      <div class="panel" style="background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1549880338-65ddcdfd017b?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1350&q=80')">
        <h3>Mountains - Clouds</h3>
      </div>

    </div>

    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

script.js

const panels = document.querySelectorAll('.panel')

panels.forEach(panel => {
    panel.addEventListener('click', () => {
        removeActiveClasses()
        panel.classList.add('active')
    })
})

function removeActiveClasses() {
    panels.forEach(panel => {
        panel.classList.remove('active')
    })
}

style.css

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Muli&display=swap');

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Muli', sans-serif;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
}

.container {
  display: flex;
  width: 90vw;
}

.panel {
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  height: 80vh;
  border-radius: 50px;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
  flex: 0.5;
  margin: 10px;
  position: relative;
  -webkit-transition: all 700ms ease-in;
}

.panel h3 {
  font-size: 24px;
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 20px;
  left: 20px;
  margin: 0;
  opacity: 0;
}

.panel.active {
  flex: 5;
}

.panel.active h3 {
  opacity: 1;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in 0.4s;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .container {
    width: 100vw;
  }

  .panel:nth-of-type(4),
  .panel:nth-of-type(5) {
    display: none;
  }
}

总结1

js文件

- const（常量）在本文中的使用：将panels(面板)赋值为整个页面的查询结果。

一般的const用法：const用来定义变量，赋值之后不能再赋值，再次赋值会出错。

一般的document用法：doucument对象用来呈现整个页面。

- document.querySelectorAll():这个方法获取元素时，是hyml5的DOM操作的方法，该方法会返回一个元素的集合，而且这个集合可以利用数组的形式来操作，使用起来非常方便。此方法返回文档中匹配指定的CSS选择器的所有元素，返回Nodelist对象。

- forEach:数组中每个元素需要调用的函数。

- removeActiveClasses():移除元素中一个或多个类名（移除不存在的类名不会报错）。

17：Movie App 电影网站

查看现有的电影及评分，电影简介，应用API，可查找寻找电影。

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>Lina Notes </title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <header>
      <form id="form">
        <input type="text" id="search" class="search" placeholder="Search">
      </form>
    </header>

    <main id="main"></main>

    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

 style.css

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@200;400&display=swap');

:root {
  --primary-color: #22254b;
  --secondary-color: #373b69;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
}

header {
  padding: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  background-color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.search {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 50px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  color: #fff;
}

.search::placeholder {
  color: #7378c5;
}

.search:focus {
  outline: none;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
}

main {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
}

.movie {
  width: 300px;
  margin: 1rem;
  background-color: var(--secondary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.movie img {
  width: 100%;
}

.movie-info {
  color: #eee;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap:0.2rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.movie-info h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.movie-info span {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.movie-info span.green {
  color: lightgreen;
}

.movie-info span.orange {
  color: orange;
}

.movie-info span.red {
  color: red;
}

.overview {
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 2rem;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  right: 0;
  max-height: 100%;
  transform: translateY(101%);
  overflow-y: auto;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease-in;
}

.movie:hover .overview {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

 script.js

const API_URL = 'https://api.themoviedb.org/3/discover/movie?sort_by=popularity.desc&api_key=3fd2be6f0c70a2a598f084ddfb75487c&page=1'
const IMG_PATH = 'https://image.tmdb.org/t/p/w1280'
const SEARCH_API = 'https://api.themoviedb.org/3/search/movie?api_key=3fd2be6f0c70a2a598f084ddfb75487c&query="'

const main = document.getElementById('main')
const form = document.getElementById('form')
const search = document.getElementById('search')

// Get initial movies
getMovies(API_URL)

async function getMovies(url) {
    const res = await fetch(url)
    const data = await res.json()

    showMovies(data.results)
}

function showMovies(movies) {
    main.innerHTML = ''

    movies.forEach((movie) => {
        const { title, poster_path, vote_average, overview } = movie

        const movieEl = document.createElement('div')
        movieEl.classList.add('movie')

        movieEl.innerHTML = `
            <img src="${IMG_PATH + poster_path}" alt="${title}">
            <div class="movie-info">
          <h3>${title}</h3>
          <span class="${getClassByRate(vote_average)}">${vote_average}</span>
            </div>
            <div class="overview">
          <h3>Overview</h3>
          ${overview}
        </div>
        `
        main.appendChild(movieEl)
    })
}

function getClassByRate(vote) {
    if(vote >= 8) {
        return 'green'
    } else if(vote >= 5) {
        return 'orange'
    } else {
        return 'red'
    }
}

form.addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()

    const searchTerm = search.value

    if(searchTerm && searchTerm !== '') {
        getMovies(SEARCH_API + searchTerm)

        search.value = ''
    } else {
        window.location.reload()
    }
})

结果：

 总结：

基本样式 + CSS渐变 + CSS过渡特效 + 清除浮动。

JavaScript:接口请求 + 键盘事件的监听

18：Background slider 背景滑动照片

效果:实现照片的跳转

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link
      rel="stylesheet"
      href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.14.0/css/all.min.css"
      integrity="sha512-1PKOgIY59xJ8Co8+NE6FZ+LOAZKjy+KY8iq0G4B3CyeY6wYHN3yt9PW0XpSriVlkMXe40PTKnXrLnZ9+fkDaog=="
      crossorigin="anonymous"
    />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>Background Slider</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="slider-container">
      <div
        class="slide active"
        style="
          background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1549880338-65ddcdfd017b?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2100&q=80');
        "
      ></div>
      <div
        class="slide"
        style="
          background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1511593358241-7eea1f3c84e5?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1934&q=80');
        "
      ></div>

      <div
        class="slide"
        style="
          background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1495467033336-2effd8753d51?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2100&q=80');
        "
      ></div>

      <div
        class="slide"
        style="
          background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522735338363-cc7313be0ae0?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2689&q=80');
        "
      ></div>

      <div
        class="slide"
        style="
          background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1559087867-ce4c91325525?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2100&q=80');
        "
      ></div>

      <button class="arrow left-arrow" id="left">
        <i class="fas fa-arrow-left"></i>
      </button>

      <button class="arrow right-arrow" id="right">
        <i class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i>
      </button>
    </div>
    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

 script.js

const body = document.body
const slides = document.querySelectorAll('.slide')
const leftBtn = document.getElementById('left')
const rightBtn = document.getElementById('right')

let activeSlide = 0

rightBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
  activeSlide++

  if (activeSlide > slides.length - 1) {
    activeSlide = 0
  }

  setBgToBody()
  setActiveSlide()
})

leftBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
  activeSlide--

  if (activeSlide < 0) {
    activeSlide = slides.length - 1
  }

  setBgToBody()
  setActiveSlide()
})

setBgToBody()

function setBgToBody() {
  body.style.backgroundImage = slides[activeSlide].style.backgroundImage
}

function setActiveSlide() {
  slides.forEach((slide) => slide.classList.remove('active'))

  slides[activeSlide].classList.add('active')
}

  style.css

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;700&display=swap');

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  background-position: center center;
  background-size: cover;
  transition: 0.4s;
}

body::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
  z-index: -1;
}

.slider-container {
  box-shadow: 0 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16), 0 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);
  height: 70vh;
  width: 70vw;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.slide {
  opacity: 0;
  height: 100vh;
  width: 100vw;
  background-position: center center;
  background-size: cover;
  position: absolute;
  top: -15vh;
  left: -15vw;
  transition: 0.4s ease;
  z-index: 1;
}

.slide.active {
  opacity: 1;
}

.arrow {
  position: fixed;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  border: 2px solid orange;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.arrow:focus {
  outline: 0;
}

.left-arrow {
  left: calc(15vw - 65px);
}

.right-arrow {
  right: calc(15vw - 65px);
}

 - 可用于作品集展示/旅行展示

33：Notes App 网页便签

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.14.0/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha512-1PKOgIY59xJ8Co8+NE6FZ+LOAZKjy+KY8iq0G4B3CyeY6wYHN3yt9PW0XpSriVlkMXe40PTKnXrLnZ9+fkDaog==" crossorigin="anonymous" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>Notes App</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <button class="add" id="add">
      <i class="fas fa-plus"></i> Add note
    </button>

    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/marked/1.2.2/marked.min.js"></script>
    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

style.css

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@200;400&display=swap');

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: none;
}

body {
  background-color: #7bdaf3;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 3rem;
}

.add {
  position: fixed;
  top: 1rem;
  right: 1rem;
  background-color: #9ec862;
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.add:active {
  transform: scale(0.98);
}

.note {
  background-color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  margin: 30px 20px;
  height: 400px;
  width: 400px;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

.note .tools {
  background-color: #9ec862;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding: 0.5rem;
}

.note .tools button {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: none;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

.note textarea {
  outline: none;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  border: none;
  height: 400px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 20px;
}

.main {
  padding: 20px;
}

.hidden {
  display: none;
}

script.js

const addBtn = document.getElementById('add')

const notes = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('notes'))

if(notes) {
    notes.forEach(note => addNewNote(note))
}

addBtn.addEventListener('click', () => addNewNote())

function addNewNote(text = '') {
    const note = document.createElement('div')
    note.classList.add('note')

    note.innerHTML = `
    <div class="tools">
        <button class="edit"><i class="fas fa-edit"></i></button>
        <button class="delete"><i class="fas fa-trash-alt"></i></button>
    </div>

    <div class="main ${text ? "" : "hidden"}"></div>
    <textarea class="${text ? "hidden" : ""}"></textarea>
    `

    const editBtn = note.querySelector('.edit')
    const deleteBtn = note.querySelector('.delete')
    const main = note.querySelector('.main')
    const textArea = note.querySelector('textarea')

    textArea.value = text
    main.innerHTML = marked(text)

    deleteBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
        note.remove()

        updateLS()
    })

    editBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
        main.classList.toggle('hidden')
        textArea.classList.toggle('hidden')
    })

    textArea.addEventListener('input', (e) => {
        const { value } = e.target

        main.innerHTML = marked(value)

        updateLS()
    })

    document.body.appendChild(note)
}

function updateLS() {
    const notesText = document.querySelectorAll('textarea')

    const notes = []

    notesText.forEach(note => notes.push(note.value))

    localStorage.setItem('notes', JSON.stringify(notes))
}

 结果：

 总结：

CSS:基本样式 + 卡片布局。

JavaScript:marked.js的使用 + localStorage API存储数据 + 鼠标光标位置的计算。

48：随机照片推送

49：Todo List待办事项列表

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>Todo List</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>todos</h1>
    <form id="form">
      <input type="text" class="input" id="input" placeholder="Enter your todo" autocomplete="off">

      <ul class="todos" id="todos"></ul>
    </form>
    <small>Left click to toggle completed. <br> Right click to delete todo</small>

    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

 script.js

const form = document.getElementById('form')
const input = document.getElementById('input')
const todosUL = document.getElementById('todos')

const todos = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos'))

if(todos) {
    todos.forEach(todo => addTodo(todo))
}

form.addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()

    addTodo()
})

function addTodo(todo) {
    let todoText = input.value

    if(todo) {
        todoText = todo.text
    }

    if(todoText) {
        const todoEl = document.createElement('li')
        if(todo && todo.completed) {
            todoEl.classList.add('completed')
        }

        todoEl.innerText = todoText

        todoEl.addEventListener('click', () => {
            todoEl.classList.toggle('completed')
            updateLS()
        }) 

        todoEl.addEventListener('contextmenu', (e) => {
            e.preventDefault()

            todoEl.remove()
            updateLS()
        }) 

        todosUL.appendChild(todoEl)

        input.value = ''

        updateLS()
    }
}

function updateLS() {
    todosEl = document.querySelectorAll('li')

    const todos = []

    todosEl.forEach(todoEl => {
        todos.push({
            text: todoEl.innerText,
            completed: todoEl.classList.contains('completed')
        })
    })

    localStorage.setItem('todos', JSON.stringify(todos))
}

 style.css

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@200;400&display=swap');

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  color: #444;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100vh;
  margin: 0;
}

h1 {
  color: rgb(179, 131, 226);
  font-size: 10rem;
  text-align: center;
  opacity: 0.4;
}

form {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  max-width: 100%;
  width: 400px;
}

.input {
  border: none;
  color: #444;
  font-size: 2rem;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
}

.input::placeholder {
  color: #d5d5d5;
}

.input:focus {
  outline-color: rgb(179, 131, 226);
}

.todos {
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style-type: none;
}

.todos li {
  border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
}

.todos li.completed {
  color: #b6b6b6;
  text-decoration: line-through;
}

small {
  color: #b5b5b5;
  margin-top: 3rem;
  text-align: center;
}

 运行结果：

 

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