目录
- 前言
- 1. 基本知识
- 2. Demo
- 3. 实战
- 3.1 函数暴露
- 3.2 导入子组件数据
- 3.3 更新子表单数据
前言
其基本知识可参考官网：Vue3中的defineExpose
1. 基本知识
defineExpose 是 Vue 3 的 Composition API 中一个新的实用函数，用于在 <script setup> 语法下显式暴露组件的公共属性和方法
这在处理子组件时特别有用，允许父组件访问子组件的特定属性或方法
在 Vue 3 中，当我们使用 <script setup> 语法糖时，组件默认不会自动暴露内部的任何状态或方法给外部使用，为了显式暴露某些属性或方法，可以使用 defineExpose
示例Demo如下：
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const a = 1
const b = ref(2)
defineExpose({
a,
b
})
</script>
当父组件通过模板引用的方式获取到当前组件的实例，获取到的实例会像这样 { a: number, b: number } (ref 会和在普通实例中一样被自动解包)
2. Demo
- 父组件渲染子组件 Child 并通过 ref 获取子组件的实例。
- 子组件中的 count 和 increment 方法通过 defineExpose 暴露出来。
- 当点击父组件中的 “Access Child Methods” 按钮时，父组件可以访问并调用子组件的 count 和 increment
子组件：
<template>
<div>
<p>Count: {{ count }}</p>
<button @click="increment">Increment</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const count = ref(0);
function increment() {
count.value++;
}
// 使用 defineExpose 来暴露 count 和 increment
defineExpose({
count,
increment,
});
</script>
父组件：
<template>
<div>
<Child ref="childRef" />
<button @click="accessChild">Access Child Methods</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import Child from './Child.vue';
const childRef = ref(null);
function accessChild() {
if (childRef.value) {
console.log('Current count:', childRef.value.count);
childRef.value.increment();
console.log('Count after increment:', childRef.value.count);
}
}
onMounted(() => {
if (childRef.value) {
console.log('Child component mounted, initial count:', childRef.value.count);
}
});
</script>
总的来说：
- defineExpose 用于在
<script setup>中显式暴露组件内部状态和方法 - 父组件可以通过 ref 访问子组件实例并调用暴露的属性和方法
- 使用 defineExpose 可以让组件更加模块化和可控，只有显式暴露的部分才能被外部访问，增强了封装性和安全性
这个功能在组件之间需要进行复杂交互时特别有用，尤其是在大型项目中，能够显著提升代码的可读性和可维护性
3. 实战
从入门到十实战，反复在反复，结合实战的Demo加深印象
3.1 函数暴露
也可通过函数进行暴露
<template>
<div>
<button @click="open">Fetch Data</button>
<div v-if="detailLoading">Loading...</div>
<div v-else>
<div v-for="item in detailData.attachment1" :key="item">{{ item }}</div>
<div v-for="item in detailData.attachment2" :key="item">{{ item }}</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'
import DangerousWorkApi from '@/api/DangerousWorkApi'
const detailLoading = ref(false)
const detailData = ref({})
const props = defineProps(['id'])
const queryId = 'some-query-id'
const getInfo = async () => {
detailLoading.value = true
try {
detailData.value = await DangerousWorkApi.getDangerousWork(props.id || queryId)
const attachment1 = detailData.value.attachment1;
const attachment2 = detailData.value.attachment2;
detailData.value.attachment1 = attachment1.split(",");
detailData.value.attachment2 = attachment2.split(",");
} finally {
detailLoading.value = false
}
}
defineExpose({ open: getInfo })
onMounted(() => {
getInfo()
})
</script>
3.2 导入子组件数据
另外一个实战Demo加深印象
将 handleImport 方法改为接受参数，并传递 formData.chineseShipName 和 formData.shipVoyage
<template>
<Dialog :title="dialogTitle" v-model="dialogVisible" width="70%">
<el-form
ref="formRef"
:model="formData"
:rules="formRules"
label-width="100px"
v-loading="formLoading"
>
<el-row :gutter="20">
<!-- ... 省略其它表单项 ... -->
</el-row>
</el-form>
<el-tabs v-model="subTabsName">
<el-tab-pane name="enterSite">
<template #label>
危险品进场申请单
<el-button
type="warning"
plain
@click="handleImport(formData.chineseShipName, formData.shipVoyage)"
v-hasPermi="['dangerous:appointment-commission:enterSiteImport']"
style="margin-left: 10px;"
>
<Icon icon="ep:upload" class="mr-5px" /> 一键导入
</el-button>
</template>
<EnterSiteForm ref="enterSiteFormRef" :appointment-id="formData.id" :form-type="formType" />
</el-tab-pane>
</el-tabs>
<template #footer>
<el-button @click="submitForm" type="primary" :disabled="formLoading" v-if="formType !== 'detail'">保 存</el-button>
<el-button @click="submitAndCommitForm" type="success" :disabled="formLoading" v-if="formType !== 'detail'">保存并提交预约</el-button>
<el-button @click="dialogVisible = false" v-if="formType !== 'detail'">取 消</el-button>
</template>
</Dialog>
<EnterSiteImportForm ref="importFormRef" @success="getList" />
</template>
<script>
import { ref } from 'vue'
export default {
setup() {
const importFormRef = ref(null)
const handleImport = (chineseShipName, shipVoyage) => {
importFormRef.value.open(chineseShipName, shipVoyage)
}
return {
importFormRef,
handleImport,
// ... 省略其它数据和方法 ...
}
}
}
</script>
在导入对话框组件中，修改 open 方法以接受参数，并在组件中存储这些参数以便在提交时使用
另外一个文件如下：
defineOptions({ name: 'EnterSiteImportForm' })
const message = useMessage() // 消息弹窗
const dialogVisible = ref(false) // 弹窗的是否展示
const formLoading = ref(false) // 表单的加载中
const uploadRef = ref()
const importUrl =
import.meta.env.VITE_BASE_URL + import.meta.env.VITE_API_URL + '/dangerous/enterprise-registry/enterSiteImport'
const uploadHeaders = ref() // 上传 Header 头
const fileList = ref([]) // 文件列表
const chineseShipName = ref('') // 存储中文船名
const shipVoyage = ref('') // 存储船舶航次
/** 打开弹窗 */
const open = (shipName, voyage) => {
dialogVisible.value = true
fileList.value = []
chineseShipName.value = shipName
shipVoyage.value = voyage
resetForm()
}
defineExpose({ open }) // 提供 open 方法，用于打开弹窗
/** 提交表单 */
const submitForm = async () => {
if (fileList.value.length == 0) {
message.error('请上传文件')
return
}
// 提交请求
uploadHeaders.value = {
Authorization: 'Bearer ' + getAccessToken(),
'tenant-id': getTenantId(),
'Chinese-Ship-Name': chineseShipName.value,
'Ship-Voyage': shipVoyage.value
}
formLoading.value = true
uploadRef.value!.submit()
}
3.3 更新子表单数据
对应的方法数据如下：
html按钮
<el-button
type="info"
plain
@click="handleRefresh(formData.id)"
v-hasPermi="['dangerous:appointment-commission:enterSiteRefresh']"
>
<Icon icon="ep:refresh" class="mr-5px" /> 刷新重置
</el-button>
对应的按钮方法如下：
/** 刷新 */
const handleRefresh = async (id) => {
formLoading.value = true;
try {
const fileData = await AppointmentCommissionApi.getEnterSiteListByAppointmentId(id);
console.log(fileData);
// 更新子表单的数据
if (enterSiteFormRef.value) {
enterSiteFormRef.value.setData(fileData);
}
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to fetch data:', error);
} finally {
formLoading.value = false;
}
}
通过另外一个文件的刷新来暴露
<template>
<el-form
ref="formRef"
:model="formData"
:rules="formRules"
v-loading="formLoading"
label-width="0px"
:inline-message="true"
>
<el-table :data="formData" class="-mt-10px">
<el-table-column label="序号" type="index" width="100" />
<el-table-column label="提单号" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.billNumber`" :rules="formRules.billNumber" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.billNumber" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入提单号" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="箱号" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.boxNumber`" :rules="formRules.boxNumber" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.boxNumber" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入箱号" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="尺寸" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.boxSize`" :rules="formRules.boxSize" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.boxSize" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入尺寸" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="箱型" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.boxType`" :rules="formRules.boxType" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.boxType" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入箱型" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="货名" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.productName`" :rules="formRules.productName" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.productName" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入货名" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="危险品等级" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.hazardousLevel`" :rules="formRules.hazardousLevel" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.hazardousLevel" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入危险品等级" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="危规号" min-width="150">
<template #default="{ row, $index }">
<el-form-item :prop="`${$index}.hazardCode`" :rules="formRules.hazardCode" class="mb-0px!">
<el-input v-model="row.hazardCode" :disabled="formType === 'detail'" placeholder="请输入危规号" />
</el-form-item>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column align="center" fixed="right" label="操作" width="60" v-if="formType !== 'detail'">
<template #default="{ $index }">
<el-button @click="handleDelete($index)" link type="primary" v-if="formType !== 'detail'">删除</el-button>
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
</el-form>
<el-row justify="center" class="mt-3">
<el-button @click="handleAdd" round v-if="formType !== 'detail'">+ 添加危险品</el-button>
</el-row>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { AppointmentCommissionApi } from '@/api/dangerous/appointmentcommission'
const props = defineProps<{
appointmentId: undefined, // 预约编号（主表的关联字段）
formType: string
}>()
const formLoading = ref(false) // 表单的加载中
const formData = ref([]) // 表单数据
const formRules = reactive({
// 表单验证规则
billNumber: [{ required: true, message: '请输入提单号', trigger: 'blur' }],
boxNumber: [{ required: true, message: '请输入箱号', trigger: 'blur' }],
boxSize: [{ required: true, message: '请输入尺寸', trigger: 'blur' }],
boxType: [{ required: true, message: '请输入箱型', trigger: 'blur' }],
productName: [{ required: true, message: '请输入货名', trigger: 'blur' }],
hazardousLevel: [{ required: true, message: '请输入危险品等级', trigger: 'blur' }],
hazardCode: [{ required: true, message: '请输入危规号', trigger: 'blur' }],
})
const formRef = ref() // 表单 Ref
/** 监听主表的关联字段的变化，加载对应的子表数据 */
watch(
() => props.appointmentId,
async (val) => {
// 1. 重置表单
formData.value = []
// 2. val 非空，则加载数据
if (!val) {
return;
}
try {
formLoading.value = true
formData.value = await AppointmentCommissionApi.getEnterSiteListByAppointmentId(val)
} finally {
formLoading.value = false
}
},
{ immediate: true }
)
/** 新增按钮操作 */
const handleAdd = () => {
if (props.formType === 'detail') return // 禁用“添加危险品”按钮
const row = {
id: undefined,
billNumber: '',
boxNumber: '',
boxSize: '',
boxType: '',
productName: '',
hazardousLevel: '',
hazardCode: '',
appointmentId: props.appointmentId,
}
formData.value.push(row)
}
/** 删除按钮操作 */
const handleDelete = (index) => {
if (props.formType === 'detail') return // 禁用“删除”按钮
formData.value.splice(index, 1)
}
/** 表单校验 */
const validate = () => {
return formRef.value.validate()
}
/** 表单值 */
const getData = () => {
return formData.value
}
// 设置数据的方法
const setData = (newData) => {
formData.value = newData;
};
defineExpose({ validate, getData, setData })
</script>
